Basic differences between muslims of Moorish era and Modern Muslims?
I was thinkin’ about what little I know about muslims, and it seems in the past (like when they ruled Spain etc) they must have had a different philosophy. They had all sorts of mathematicians, tolerated people of the book, etc.
Does anyone actually know the differences between ancient and medieval muslims or have any sources for me to read? THANKS! 
You’re on the right track with all of that.
The Moorish muslims were remarkably tolerant of other religions, especially Jews. The Q’ran specifically tells them to be both tolerant of the People of the Book and in other sections it implies that non-Muslims are not to be treated as equals. It’s the one glaring contradiction.
While most muslims today aren’t intolerent of Christians, it is rare to meet a large group of muslims who are supportive of Jews now that they have Israel.
Unlike their counterparts in the east, they weren’t so intent on spreading their empire over the Pyrenees after Charlemagne’s grandfather put them in their place during the Battle of Tours.
Also, don’t be so quick to assume that today’s Muslims are illiterate or not capable of having great mathematicians. Iran, for example, has one of the highest literacy rates in the world. Sure, the poorer countries dominated by Muslims don’t have much learning happening, but neither do lots of poor Christian countries around the world.
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